A prevalência da incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de exercícios físicos de alto impacto / The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women practicing high-impact exercises

A IU atinge cerca de 10 milhões de brasileiros de todas as idades, sendo duas vezes mais comum no sexo feminino, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia (SBU). Considerada qualquer perda involuntária de urina de acordo com a ICS, podendo ser classificadas em IUU, IUE e IUM. O tratamento para a IU pode ser cirúrgico, farmacológico ou fisioterapêutico. OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de exercício físico de alto impacto, em comparação com mulheres que não praticam atividade física. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi do tipo transversal, onde se realizou um estudo de caso, sobre a perda involuntária de urina por mulheres, durante o exercício físico de impacto. As participantes foram divididas dois grupos: Grupo 1, mulheres praticantes de exercícios físicos de alto impacto e Grupo 2, mulheres não praticantes de exercícios físicos. As voluntárias realizaram o Pad Test de uma hora, padronizado pela ICS. Além disso, todas responderam o questionário Internacional Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire ­ Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOS: Houve a presença de sintomas de IUE em ambos os grupos investigados. Entretanto, foi possível comprovar que no grupo onde as mulheres praticavam exercícios de alto impacto a perda de urina foi bem maior em quantidade e em qualidade, observando-se resultados superiores a 60% nas praticantes de exercícios de alto impacto. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres praticantes de exercícios de alto impacto apresentaram maior perda urinária comprovada pelo Pad Test e uma maior interferência desses sintomas urinários na qualidade de vida comprovada pelo ICIQ-SF.

UI affects about 10 million Brazilians of all ages, being twice as common in females, according to the Brazilian society of urology. Any involuntary loss of urine according to the ICS is considered, and can be classified into IUU, IUE and MUI. Treatment for UI can be surgical, pharmacological or physiotherapeutic. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women, who practice high-impact physical exercise, compared to women who do not practice physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, where a case study was carried out on the involuntary loss of urine by women during impact physical exercise. The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1, women practicing high-impact physical exercises and Group 2, women not practicing physical exercises. The volunteers performed the one-hour Pad test, standardized by ICS. In addition, all responded to the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQSF). RESULTS: SUI symptoms were present in both investigated groups. However, it was possible to prove that in the group where women practiced high-impact exercises, the loss of urine was much greater in quantity and quality, with results exceeding 60% in the practitioners of high-impact exercises. CONCLUSION: Women who practice high impact exercises showed greater urinary loss as evidenced by the Pad test and a greater interference of these urinary symptoms in the quality of life proven by ICIQ-SF.

KIT D816V Positive Acute Mast Cell Leukemia Associated with Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Mast cell (MC) leukemia (MCL) is extremely rare. We present a case of MCL diagnosed concomitantly with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old woman presented with asthenia, anorexia, fever, epigastralgia, and diarrhea. She had a maculopapular skin rash, hepatosplenomegaly, retroperitoneal adenopathies, pancytopenia, 6% blast cells (BC) and 20% MC in the peripheral blood, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, cholestasis, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and increased serum tryptase (184 µg/L). The bone marrow (BM) smears showed 24% myeloblasts, 17% promyelocytes, and 16% abnormal toluidine blue positive MC, and flow cytometry revealed 12% myeloid BC, 34% aberrant promyelocytes, a maturation blockage at the myeloblast/promyelocyte level, and 16% abnormal CD2-CD25+ MC. The BM karyotype was normal, and the KIT D816V mutation was positive in BM cells. The diagnosis of MCL associated with AML was assumed. The patient received corticosteroids, disodium cromoglycate, cladribine, idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside, high-dose cytosine arabinoside, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The outcome was favorable, with complete hematological remission two years after diagnosis and one year after HSCT. CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the need of an exhaustive laboratory evaluation for the concomitant diagnosis of MCL and AML, and the therapeutic options.

Influence of the metabolic state on the tolerance of Pichia kudriavzevii to heavy metals.

This work aims to examine the influence of the metabolic state of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii on the susceptibility to a metals mixture (5 mg L-1 Cd, 10 mg L-1 Pb, and 5 mg L-1 Zn). Cells exposed to the metals mixture in the presence of 25 mmol L-1 glucose displayed a higher loss of membrane integrity and proliferation capacity, compared to cells incubated in the absence of glucose. The analysis of the effect of individual metals revealed that glucose increased the toxic effect of Cd marginally, and of Pb significantly. The increased susceptibility to heavy metals due to glucose was attenuated in the simultaneous presence of a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor such as sodium azide (NaN3 ). ATP-depleted yeast cells, resulting from treatment with the non-metabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose, showed an increased susceptibility to heavy metals mixture. Pre-incubation of yeast cells with 1 or 1.5 mmol L-1 Ca2+ reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the loss of membrane integrity induced by the metals mixture. These findings contribute to the understanding of metals mechanisms of toxicity in the non-conventional yeast P. kudriavzevii.

Toxicity Induced by a Metal Mixture (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii: The Role of Oxidative Stress.

The present work aims to contribute for the elucidation of the role of oxidative stress in the toxicity associated with the exposure of Pichia kudriavzevii to multi-metals (Cd, Pb and Zn). Cells of the non-conventional yeast P. kudriavzevii exposed for 6 h to the action of multi-metals accumulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), evaluated through the oxidation of the probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. A progressive loss of membrane integrity (monitored using propidium iodide) was observed in multi-metal-treated cells. The triggering of intracellular ROS accumulation preceded the loss of membrane integrity. These results suggest that the disruption of membrane integrity can be attributed to the oxidative stress. The exposure of yeast cells to single metal showed that, under the concentrations tested, Pb was the metal responsible for the induction of the oxidative stress. Yeast cells coexposed to an antioxidant (ascorbic acid) and multi-metals did not accumulate intracellular ROS, but loss proliferation capacity. Together, the data obtained indicated that intracellular ROS accumulation contributed to metal toxicity, namely for the disruption of membrane integrity of the yeast P. kudriavzevii. It was proposed that Pb toxicity (the metal responsible for the toxic symptoms under the conditions tested) result from the combination of an ionic mechanism and the intracellular ROS accumulation.

Sexualidade nos presídios femininos: significado e vivência para as reeducandas / Sexuality in female prisons: meaning and experience for the reeducatings / Sexualidad en las cárceles femeninas: significado y experiencia para re-educandas

Objetivo: compreender o significado e a vivência da sexualidade para reeducandas. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa realizado nos dois maiores presídios femininos da Paraíba/PB. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada associada a uma ficha de identificação que tinha como objetivo traçar o perfil sócio-demográfico das reeducandas. A amostra foi encerrada em 15 sujeitos, obedecendo ao método de saturação teórica e a análise de dados seguiu a proposta metodológica de Bardin. A pesquisa teve o projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE nº 01340133000-12. Resultados: a partir das falas emergiram duas categorias << Significado da sexualidade para reeducandas >> e << A vivência da sexualidade no presídio >>. Conclusão: as mulheres reclusas, em sua maioria, vêem sexo e sexualidade como sinônimos e utilizam das relações homoafetivas para vivenciar e suprir carências e desejos.(AU)

Objective: understanding the meaning and the experience of sexuality for reeducatings. Method: a descriptive and exploratory study of a qualitative approach conducted in the two largest women's prisons of Paraíba/PB. The data collection instrument was one semi-structured interview associated to an identification sheet which aimed to tracing the socio-demographic profile of the reeducatings. The sample was closed with 15 subjects, obeying the theoretical saturation method and data analysis followed the methodological approach of Bardin. The research had the project approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE No 01340133000-12. Results: from the speeches emerged two categories << Meaning of sexuality for reeducatings >> and << The sexual experiences in prison >>. Conclusion: women in prison mostly see sex and sexuality as synonyms and use of homoafective relations to experience and meet needs and desires.(AU)

Objetivo: comprender el significado y la experiencia de la sexualidad para las re-educandas. Método: un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo realizado en los dos mayores cárceles de mujeres en Paraíba/PB. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue una entrevista semi-estructurada asociada a una hoja de identificación que tenía como objetivo trazar el perfil sociodemográfico de las internas. La muestra se cierra en 15 sujetos, utilizando el método de saturación teórica y al análisis de los datos siguió el enfoque metodológico de Bardin. La investigación tuvo el proyecto aprobado por el Comité de Ética en la Investigación, CAAE No 01340133000-12. Resultados: de las líneas emergieron dos categorías << Significado de la sexualidad para las internas >> y << Las experiencias sexuales en la cárcel >>. Conclusión: las mujeres en la cárcel, en su mayoría, ven el sexo y la sexualidad como sinónimos y hacen uso de relaciones homoafetivas para experimentar y satisfacer sus necesidades y deseos.(AU)

Impact of multi-metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) exposure on the physiology of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii.

Metal contamination of the environment is frequently associated to the presence of two or more metals. This work aimed to study the impact of a mixture of metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) on the physiology of the non-conventional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii. The incubation of yeast cells with 5 mg/l Cd, 10 mg/l Pb and 5 mg/l Zn, for 6 h, induced a loss of metabolic activity (assessed by FUN-1 staining) and proliferation capacity (evaluated by a clonogenic assay), with a small loss of membrane integrity (measured by trypan blue exclusion assay). The staining of yeast cells with calcofluor white revealed that no modification of chitin deposition pattern occurred during the exposure to metal mixture. Extending for 24 h, the exposure of yeast cells to metal mixture provoked a loss of membrane integrity, which was accompanied by the leakage of intracellular components. A marked loss of the metabolic activity and the loss of proliferation capacity were also observed. The analysis of the impact of a single metal has shown that, under the conditions studied, Pb was the metal responsible for the toxic effect observed in the metal mixture. Intracellular accumulation of Pb seems to be correlated with the metals' toxic effects observed.

Efficiency of physicochemical and biological treatments of vinasse and their influence on indigenous microbiota for disposal into the environment.

Molasses-based distilleries are one of the most polluting industries generating large volumes of high strength wastewater called vinasse. Different processes covering anaerobic, aerobic as well as physicochemical methods have been employed to treat this effluent. This study evaluated the microbial communities present in the vinasse during different stages of its treatment by traditional and molecular methods. The analysis of the efficiency of each treatment was performed by physicochemical parameters and toxicity analysis. The treatment of vinasse was performed in the following steps: high flow fermentation; filtration; chemical flakes; low-flow fermentation; filtration; and neutralization. The physicochemical analysis in different stages of the vinasse treatment demonstrated that phases of treatment influenced the performance of the evaluated parameters. Among the 37 parameters, 9 were within the limits established by the Commission for Environmental Policy of Minas Gerais, Brazil (COPAM), especially BOD (96.7% of pollution reduction), suspended solids (99.9%), pH, copper (88%), iron (92.9%), and manganese (88%). Some parameters, even after treatment, did not fit the maximum allowed by legislation. The microbial population decreased reaching 3 log CFU/ml present in the steps of the flakes chemical and disinfection treatment of vinasse. Lactobacillus brevis and Pichia kudriavzevii were present in all stages of the treatments, showing that these microorganisms were resistant and demonstrated that they might be important in the treatment of vinasse. The vinasse showed a significant reduction of pollution load after the disinfection treatment however still should not be discarded into water bodies because the high values of tannins and sediment solids, but suggest the use of the effluent in the cooling coil during the distillation process of the beverage.

Concepções e práticas de profissionais de saúde sobre a violência contra a mulher / Concepts and practices of health professionals on violence against women

Objetivo: analisar concepções e práticas de profissionais da equipe de Saúde da Família com foco na violência contra a mulher. Metodologia: estudo analítico-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Compuseram a análise dez entrevistas realizadas em 2010 orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados à luz da técnica da Análise de conteúdo na modalidade Temática, sendo discutidos de acordo com os estudos de gênero. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, protocolo 20101509-034. Resultados: o conhecimento dos entrevistados é incipiente; a dinâmica profissional frente à violência é restrita à conselhos e orientações desarticuladas; a educação em saúde como estratégia de enfrentamento não compõe as intervenções profissionais. Conclusão: aponta-se a necessidade de inserção da temática da violência no fazer do profissional de saúde, investimento na graduação e educação permanente, assim como maior esforço da gestão local, no sentido de estimular e dinamizar os processos de articulação intersetorial.(AU)

Contaminaçäo por enteroparasitas em hortaliças comercializadas nas cidades de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Intestinal parasites contamination from vegetables comercialized in Niterói and Rio de Janeiro cities, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminaçäo por enteroparasitas em hortaliças consumidas cruas comercializadas nas cidades de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudadas 128 amostras de hortaliças - alface (Lactuca sativa) e agriäo (Nasturtium officinale) provenientes do comércio (supermercados, feiras-livre e quitandas) e de restaurantes tipo self-services. Apenas 6,2 por cento das amostras apresentaram presença de estruturas parasitárias com morfologia semelhante as de espécies parasitas de animais. Foi encontrado presença de contaminantes como ácaros, ovos de ácaros, insetos, larvas de nematóides e protozoários ciliados em quase todas as amostras (96,1 por cento), inclusive nas de restaurantes. Este alto percentual sugere a presença de risco de infecçäo, pois associado a esses agentes poderiam existir estruturas parasitárias infectantes para o homem